The Call Of The Wild :: essays research papers

Perspectives on Humanities

I recall a kid named Alexander, a kid who ended up being my most noteworthy friend. I will legitimize my master’s life to be the most beneficial one, in spite of the fact that passing tagged along at an early age of 33 he had arrived at what he needed in his life and he had outperformed all the fights that went along his way. My master’s life was not a standard life, he happened to what he is a result of his difficult work, devotion, shrewdness and his will. He was a man of respect and incredible fearlessness.  Let me reveal to you how Alexander and I met and became companion. Alexander was only a little fellow at the youthful age of twelve when I was brought to his dad first for the expense of thirteen talents.I was a wild youthful stud at that point yet Alexander was insightful enough to realize for what reason am I not calm with my rider, he sufficiently considered me, conversed with me delicately and rode me into the sun so I would not have the option to see my ow n shadow; seeing my own shadow made me be bashful. Alexander named me Bucephalus or Oxhead, he possessed there and then. In the beginning of my years he was my coach, he showed me how to be extreme and sufficient for any fights that was in front of us. He prepared me how to be a steed that is deserving of being known as a wondrous one. He was my defender during fights; he gave his strength during those occasions and gave what I need to provide for ensure him moreover. It was a great life I had with him, I gave everything that I have for he was my lord and I owe everything to him.As a little youngster, Alexander figured out how to separate himself from the shadow of his dad. Alexander and I grew up together, to state reality; we resembled of the equivalent age.â What King Phillip and Alexander had was a serious relationship; he adored her mom so much however. Along these lines, he retouches his own specific manners to have the option to outperform what his dad had reached and to have the option to gladly say that he is Alexander the incomparable conqueror.We have ventured to the far corners of the planet together, seen the excellence of every single track of land we lay our foot upon, and I have been his associate when he figured out how to vanquish the world and manufactured his strong domain. Alexander has figured out how to get things done in his own particular manner in any event, when he was as yet a kid. I was one of the picked rare sorts of people who have perceived how he had figured out how to lead the world not on the grounds that he was a relative of the King of Macedonia, King Phillip but since he was Alexander, an extraordinary warrior. I have been an observer to what Alexander had done; I was an observer to his enormity in the combat zone. I was there with him, I’ve seen him do things the keen way or what have become to individuals the Great way. Alexander was constantly an intense pioneer; he had figured out how to show this during o ur eager fights that we have both experienced. His troop were consistently there to help him at whatever point he required them, his kin demonstrated reliability to him and he demonstrated his dedication to them too. Despite the fact that Alexander was no picnic for the front line he was not as hard with regards to me. He demonstrated me the adoration that I required; he never pushed me as far as possible. Alexander would consistently know at whatever point I need touch and he would consistently offer it to me.To my compelling lord, Alexander the incomparable, I salute him for the numerous things he had educated me. I wouldn’t have been who I am if not a direct result of him. I thank you Alexander, my companion, for I had the chance to be with you on your last fight. Life wouldn’t be this significant for me on the off chance that you were not my lord, and for that I am appreciative. I was fortunate to be there with you during your last battle.To my tutor, companion, bu ddy and ace, Alexander, thank you and Goodbye. May the product of your hardships be perceived by the entire Universe, may your legend be told later on ages of human race, and may your name become undying and always living in the hearts of your kin (â€Å"The Confessions of Alexander the Great: 33 Lessons in Greatness,†).References The Confessions of Alexander the Great: 33 Lessons in Greatness [Electronic Version] from http://www.watchmojo.com/occasions/history/alexander_the_great/intro_history_is_subjective.htm.

10 Steps to Writing a Research Paper

10 Steps to Writing a Research Paper Guidelines for Writing a Research Paper Research papers are common assignments in colleges and universities but many students feel at a loss when they have to complete this complicated written project, and some of them even might be wondering how to choose a topic or how to start writing a research paper. Of course, this assignment is time-consuming and requires hard work but any process can be easier if we divide it into several logical steps. In this article, we are going to outline the essential steps in writing a research paper that can help you learn to write an ‘A’ research paper someday if you have a positive attitude and a strong desire to achieve your goal. So here they are 10 steps to writing a research paper that you should follow in your writing. The first step in writing a research paper is choosing a good topic. Select a topic that interests and challenges you and you will enjoy doing research and writing about it. Make sure you can find enough credible sources on your subject. Avoid topics that are controversial or sensational, too technical or specialized. Narrow your topic, keeping in mind the length of your research paper, and focus on a limited aspect of your broad topic. State your thesis and describe the viewpoint that you are going to support in your paper. This step will help you choose relevant sources and limit your note taking. Form a preliminary bibliography. Evaluate potential sources of information, select articles, and books that are relevant to your topic and up-to-date and make a list of potential sources. Create a tentative outline that will help you organize your research and make your writing process logical. Your working outline should include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Start taking notes related to the topics or subtopics on your tentative outline. Write notes in your own words or paraphrase the content. If you borrow any ideas or quotes, you should document them accurately to avoid plagiarism. Organize the notes you have taken according to your outline. Make the final outline for your research paper which is more complex because each topic in it should be divided into several subtopics. Write the first draft. Keep in mind that this rough draft will be revised later so there is no need to pay much attention to spelling or punctuation. Instead, you should care about the quality of content and organize your ideas according to your outline. Revise and edit your rough draft and outline. Reread your draft several times and check the content, the flow, and the logic. Check the facts and figures in your paper. Revise your outline if necessary and rearrange your ideas to follow your new outline. Eliminate vocabulary, spelling or grammar mistakes if there are any. Make sure all your citations are accurate and that you have no plagiarism in your research paper. Prepare the final draft of your research paper that should be typed and include a bibliography page. Sometimes. Your research paper might require a title page â€"it depends on the formatting style and your professor’s requirements. Proofread your research paper once more before submitting it. One of the key aspects of any research paper is to make a strong first impression on your reader so you should do your best to write a good introduction with a clear and concise thesis statement/hypothesis. Follow These Steps in Writing an Introduction to a Research Paper An introduction is the first paragraph of any research paper where you should capture the reader’s interest, give background information on the topic of the paper, summarize the main points of your paper, and state the thesis. The length of any introduction depends on the length of the project and its complexity, but usually, it should not exceed a page. The introduction should be concise and well-structured. Here are the key steps in writing an introduction to a research paper that will explain the importance of your paper and motivate your reader to read further. Give concise background information about your research problem Define the objectives of your research Explain the significance of your study Give a brief literature review on your topic State your research question and the hypothesis Define key terms and abbreviations Outline the structure of your research paper Writing a good research paper may be tricky as it is a long process that requires much time and effort and strong analytical and research skills. Lots of students consider this time-consuming task daunting and may face problems at any stage of the writing process, for example, when writing a research paper outline or writing a conclusion for a research paper. We hope that our research paper writing tips will help you overcome these difficulties, but, if for any reason, you cannot cope with writing a research paper on your own, you can always rely on the high professionalism of the experienced writers from our custom paper writing service. Just ask, and they will provide you with a well-written model research paper on your topic that will be perfect in content and style.

Mass Incarceration Is An Important Topic Because It Has

Mass Incarceration is an important topic because it has a huge impact on the United States. The United States has the highest incarcerated population in the world, with 716 out of 100,000 citizens behind bars(Thompson). Another important topic is that a certain race and ethnicity are behind bars which are the African Americans and Latinos than whites. But African Americans are 1 in 3, Latinos are 1 in 6, and whites are 1 in 17 who will be in prison during their lifetime(Knafo). A topic that is also important and affects the United States dramatically is the annual cost which is 81 billion(Thompson). The main reason for people getting incarcerated is because of drugs, so 1 in 5 people are incarcerated for a drug offense. And most of these†¦show more content†¦And about two-thirds are there for either property or violent crimes† (Lopez, 2016). â€Å"A lot of mainstream media attention goes to the federal prison system and war on drugs. But most people in prison are held at the state level, and they re usually in for violent offenses† (Lopez, 2016). In this theory it is notable that predominantly Black and Latinos are receiving longer and tougher sentences. Tough on crime policies that are still with us today are the reason for Mass Incarceration (Lopez, 2016). There are more than two million people incarcerated in the U.S, whether it is in jails, prisons, or immigration detentions and the race with the highest percentage of imprisoned people are blacks. For many years, black men have always been at top of the list for going to prison during their lifetime. Following black men would be the Latino males, than white males, and so forth. Minorities are usually arrested more than whites. This is because they get off way easier with police officers and the law. Blacks have it the hardest where they get pulled over for any and everything. Most of the time they get killed for doing absolutely nothing wrong. Everyone is supposed to be treated fair, but police officers have their own motto for that. â€Å"Once arrested, they are more likely to be convicted; and once convicted, they are more likely to face stiff sentences.† (Knafo, 2014). Police find anything to arrest people for, especially blacks, just to be ableShow MoreRelatedIntro: Elia . Mass Incarceration Is An Important Topic Because1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntro: Elia Mass Incarceration is an important topic because it has a huge impact on the United States. Let alone the fact that the United States has the highest incarcerated population in the world with 716 out of 100,000 citizens behind bars. Another important topic is that a certain race and ethnicity are behind bars which are the African Americans and Latinos than whites. But African Americans are 1 in 3, Latinos are 1 in 6, and whites are 1 in 17 who will be in prison during their lifetimeRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, examines mass incarceration in the United States, why the criminal justice system works the way it does towards minorities, the detriments associated with mass incarceration as it relates to offenders, and much more. In the introduction of her book, Alexander immediately paints the harsh reality of mass incarceration with the story of Jarvious Cotton who is denied the right to vote among other rights because he, â€Å"has been labeled asRead MoreThe Division Of Our Society : Exploring Mass Imprisonment1737 Words   |  7 Pages Mass Incarceration The Division of Our Society: Exploring Mass Imprisonment Pamela D. Jackson WRIT 130: Research Paper Professor Jane Campanizzi-Mook September 11th 2015 ABSTRACT Prison is unfortunately big business in the United States and our society is paying the ultimate cost and there is only one system being rewarded. More than often we do not put much emphasis on the prison system in its entirety. It is a fairly simple concept to most Americans that if you commit a crime or ifRead MoreSummary Of The New Jim Crow1742 Words   |  7 PagesWorks Cited Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: New Press, 2010. 261 Pages â€Å"The New Jim Crow† Summary â€Å"The New Jim Crow† was written by Michelle Alexander based off of her experience working for the ACLU of Oakland in which she saw racial bias in the justice system that constituted people of color second-class citizens (Alexander 3); which is why the comparison had been made to the Jim Crow laws that existed in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Mass Incarceration Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesDrugs and Mass Incarceration have been two very well-known topics of society. While these have taken place during the Cold War, there is still a continuance in them today. The impact that has been left on society from these issues have stuck around, while mass incarceration is still of talk today. War on Drugs The War on Drugs not only has many acts that have been in place due to it, but there has been a domino effect with other topics. The War on Drugs has become a complicated, yet important aspectRead MoreAnalysis Of New Jim Crow 1364 Words   |  6 Pagesdisadvantage, it is difficult to understand how and why the bird is trapped. Only a large number of wires arranged in a specific way, and connected to one another, serve to enclose the bird and to ensure that it cannot escape What is particularly important to keep in mind is that any given wire of the cage may or may not be specifically developed for the purpose of trapping the bird, yet it still operates (together with the other wires) to restrict its freedom. (Alexander, 184) This metaphor showsRead MoreCritical Review : The New Jim Crow 1520 Words   |  7 PagesTeleia Jones Dr. Conner Criminology May 7, 2016 Critical Review Essay In The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Modern Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander, the author argues the legal system doing its job â€Å"perfectly† well—the United States has simply replaced one caste system, the Jim Crow laws instituted in the 1880s and designed to oppress recently freed black slaves, for another—a system which uses the War on Drugs, which was instituted in the 1970s, to imprison, parole, and detainRead MoreCritical Review Of Goffman s On The Run1291 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Review of Goffman’s On the Run In her article, On the Run: Wanted Men in a Philadelphia Ghetto (2009), sociologist Alice Goffman uses data collected from her six year ethnographic study to explain how incarceration and threat of incarceration impacts daily life within a Philadelphia neighborhood. Her work focuses primarily on how policing and supervision in the neighborhood, referred to primarily as Sixth Street, impacts the lives of its poor Black residents. Gossman focused on the manyRead MoreThe American Population Is Overwhelmingly Uninformed About866 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation and the shortcomings of the justice system, I suspect a large portion of the population would support prison reform. Indeed, recently there has been major public discourse regarding the justice system. This discourse, among other reasons, made me personally invested in the flaws of the criminal justice system. I am aware of America’s mass incarceration, and that there are legitimate arguments to reduce the prison populatio n. One of the most frequently used argument is that it is too expensiveRead MoreThe Incarceration Of Rehabilitation Programs1319 Words   |  6 PagesMany prisons are focused on reintroducing the prison population back into the general population. Rehabilitating criminals has become a highly-debated topic throughout the U.S. With the majority of criminals being repeat offenders, correctional institutions have made rehabilitation a top priority. Recidivism, defined as the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend, has become a problem in the United States. One way to correct the recidivism problem, as well as other crime related problems,

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1303 Words

The main objective of Chinua Achebe in his book Things fall apart (1958) is to depict openly and clearly the culture of the Ibo people of the West Africa (Bloom 49). Contrasting the European views of the Africans such as Conrad s book titled Heart of Darkness; Achebe depiction narrates involved rituals, customs, and laws and comes up with personal attributes. Chinua Achebe in Things Fall Apart shows the aspects of full functionality and life. Nevertheless, Achebe still upholds his aim and eludes giving the Ibo any unjustified sympathy, selecting some their customs, for example, the compulsory neglecting of infant twin in doubtful circumstance (Bloom 49) Considering the ease, for us – particularly in the present times of political uprightness and so many cultures around – placing all the fault associated with the breakdown of the Ibo people of the white man, Achebe does not make the scenario to be easy (Simmons-McDonald et al., 67). In truth, it is the acceptance of his colleagues, not the Europeans interference, which in reality makes Okonkwo, commits suicide. Consequently, placing the Ibo and the white men into old-fashioned classes of decency and wickedness becomes so hard because of an individual exhibition of good and bad qualities (Simmons-McDonald et al. 35). Despite the fact that the Ibo surely had an active, settled society before the coming of the ‘ white man , the interior fights backed their downfall (Simmons-McDonald et al., 35). Internal and externalShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

Injury Compensation Free Essays

Workplace injury causes remarkable loss to individual workers, their families, the community, and society. This loss is not only physical and financial, but also psychological and emotional. The prevention and compensation of workplace injury have thus been important issues for both academia and policy-makers. We will write a custom essay sample on Injury Compensation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada, written by Bob Barnetson, is to study how the Canadian government averts and compensates workplace injury, as well as who profits, and how. The first four chapters of the book present study of government’s injury-prevention efforts. The author deduces that the current injury-prevention strategies taken by employers and government are not valuable, the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws not succeed to make workplaces more safe, and employers are able to shift costs to workers through injury. The next three chapters of the book analyzes the compensation injury system in workplaces in Canada and reaches the conclusion that workers’ compensation does not fully reimburse workers for their injuries. Chapter five describes how workers’ compensation in Canada came to be, and how it theoretically benefits the employers, workers, and the government. Chapter six discusses the inclination of workers’ compensation boards to limit benefit entitlements and therefore employer costs. Chapter seven investigates how workers’ compensation is used to deal with workers and to limit worker power. The book concludes with Chapter eight. The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada doesn’t merely tell us that workers compensation doesn’t really help workers; it tells us why it doesn’t help and, even more importantly, how come no one fixes it? Mr. Barnetson states in his book, that in most cases, a â€Å"disturbing pattern of bias against workers emerges (Barnetson, 2010, p. 154). † Thousands of Canadian families have been thrown into poverty by system that denies them support. The Worker’s Compensation system. One of the strengths of this book, is that Mr. Barnetson does not draw any analytical punches. Writing within a traditional Marxist framework, Mr. Barnetson is able to locate both occupational health and safety and workers’ compensation laws and regulations that result from class compromise. This would be: at the turn of the 20th century an increasing number of workplace accidents were initiating dissatisfaction with the productions systems in place. This unhappiness threatened to explode into the political arena and therefore endangered the legitimacy of the Canadian capitalist system. So, the provincial governments began passing ‘workmen’s compensation’ laws. These laws were to shift attention away from the unsafe and unhealthy labour processes that caused these accidents and injuries while representing a real victory for injured workers and their supporters. Also, they were used â€Å"to put in place a compensation adjudication process that spread out accidents and injury such that the causes of accidents were obscured and normalized while injured workers were left to confront a system that individualized and depoliticized their claims (Storey, 2012, p. ). † However, there is one noteworthy criticism. There are places in the book where Professor Barnetson tends to extrapolate or simplify based off one experience in Alberta, or a single study from Ontario or Quebec. It must be understood that there are significant differences between provincial occupational health and safety and workers’ compensation legal systems. This does not m ean that it is believed that Mr. Barnetson is unaware of such difference. It is to say, though, that keeping dissimilarities in mind can be of highest importance as is the case in the current context. For example, â€Å"the Ontario government and its workers’ compensation board are using the financial status of a number of western Canadian workers’ compensation boards to justify fundamental changes in its funding formulae; changes that injured worker advocates claim will have a devastating effect on the level and duration of benefits awarded to injured workers (Storey, 2012, p. ). † Lastly, in his efforts to be all-inclusive in his analysis of the political economy of workplace injury in Canada, it is felt that Professor Barnetson moves along so quickly that it feels like he may lose his audience. If we are to believe his point that injured workers are a minor group who are unable to make specific changes that will better the system, then it is crucial that exercises in political education, are patient with their readers’ effort s, in order to grasp the root of the concept. Bibliography Song, X. (2012). The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada (review). Canadian Public Policy38(1), 115-116. University of Toronto Press. Retrieved October 8, 2012, from Project MUSE database. Storey, Robert. (2012, March 22). Bob Barnetson, The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada The Free Library. (2012). Retrieved October 07, 2012 from http://www. thefreelibrary. com/Bob Barnetson, The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada. -a0298292679 How to cite Injury Compensation, Essay examples

Wang Tao Vs Chang Chih-tung Essays - Chinese Philosophy,

Wang T'ao vs Chang Chih-tung Wang T'ao vs Chang Chih-tung The Opium War in 1839 marked the end of China's status as an independent civilization. The Opium War introduced the power of western armies and technology that the Chinese lacked. The war resulted in foreign intervention and control of Chinese provinces and cities, but it was not until the Taiping rebellion (1850-1864), the most disastrous civil war in human history, that the Ching government and its people realized that reform was necessary. The "self-strengthening" movement, one wave of reform, aimed to achieve stronger military power while preserving the traditional way of life, and Wang T'ao was among the most famous scholars advocating such reform. By the late nineteenth century, conservative reactions swept the country, and scholars such as Chang Chih-tung believed western techniques should only be used to defend the Chinese way. This resistance to reform was held by three principles: 1) ancestral institutions should never be changed 2) successful government depended on the men not the laws 3) teachings from China are superior to those of the West. On the surface, it appears that Wang T'ao and Chang Chih-tung dramatically differed in their thoughts of how and if China should adopt western ideals. A thorough analysis of their work, however, reveals the many similarities between the two individuals. Though the two had different plans for achieving their objectives, their ultimate goals was for China to excel and become great once again. As a scholar, Wang T'ao had visited many foreign countries including Japan and Europe, and by the time he became a journalist, he had already established many contacts with the outside world. Having such a background, Wang T'ao naturally believed that although China should still follow the "Way of sages", she must adopt the Western methods of defense and administration and renovate much of Chinese society. In his published article, On Reform his views are expressed. Wang T'ao believes that when China adopts the western methods it will surpass the West, "a sailboat differs in speed from a steamship; though both are vehicles." He does not ask the Chinese to invent new methods but only to take advantage of their resources, "When new methods do not exist, people will not think of changes; but when there are new instruments, to copy them is possible." Although the West may be superior in terms of techniques and technology; they bicker and fight among themselves and"indulge in insults". The Chinese should not follow their way of life but only use their instruments. The Way of Confucius should be followed and unchanged by all men for they must follow the three bonds (subject to master and ruler, son to father, wife to husband) and the four Cardinal virtues (decorum, righteousness, integrity, and sense of shame). Wang T'ao believes reform within the government and Chinese way of life is also necessary for China to become a nation on a par with the Western nations. Among some of these reforms include: the abolishment of the examination essays as a way to select civil servants, change the currently inefficient training of the army and naval troops, change the empty show of schools, and have the laws and regulation set by the government be fair and just to all individuals. The most important reform, however, is that the government should have the power to change customs so that people could gradually be accustomed to their new environment. It is the able people that can help China move forward, "the weapons we use is in battle must be effective, but the handling of effective weapons depends upon people." If China could properly govern its people and effectively train its soldiers, then the nation can progress. However Wang T'ao's ideals were not shared by everyone. Many conservative reformers were content with the current Chinese system and felt change was unnecessary. Among one of those scholars was Chang Chih-tung, a leading figure during the end of the Manchus rule. Although Chang Chih-tung was a moderate and avoided radical measures, he was a firm supporter of neo-Confucianism ethics. He sought to preserve Confucian traditions but also believed western administration was as essential as western technology. On the surface, it seems that Wang T'ao and Chang Chih-tung each have radically different solutions for the incorporation of western influences on Chinese society, but if we look thoroughly into their works, we realize there are also many similar underlying principles between the two figures. In Exhortation to Learn by Chang Chih-tung, he emphasized the importance of maintaining the state, preserving the doctrine of Confucius, and protecting the Chinese race. Similar to the ideals of